Native American Indian Postcard
Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous from the regions of North America now ordered by the continental United States, including parts of Alaska and the island state of Hawaii. They comprise a large number of distinct tribes, states, and associations, many of which as intact political communities. Some of the main tribes are, Cherokee, Choctaw, Comanche, Crow, Nipmuc, Ojibwa, Abenaki, Algonquin, Eskimo, Lakota Sioux, Navajo, Apache, Seneca, Mohawk, Iroquois, Seminole, Hopi, Mohicans, Mohicans, Zuni. There has been a range of terms used describe and no consensus has been restricted indigenous members as collectively to what they prefer to be called. Native Americans have been known as Indians, American Indians, Aboriginal Americans, Amerindians, Amerinds, Colored, First Americans, Indigenous, Original Americans, Red Indians, or Red Men. Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous from North America now ordered by the continental United States, including parts of Alaska and the island state of Hawaii. They comprise a large number of distinct tribes, states, and associations, many of which as intact political communities. The terminology used to refer to Native Americans is controversial : according to 1995 US Census Bureau set of home interviews, most of the respondents with an express preference continue to refer to the American Indians or Indians. European colonization of the Americas led to centuries of conflict and adjustment between Old and New World societies. Most of the written record about Native Americans was made by Europeans after initial contact. Native Americans lived in hunter/farmer subsistence societies with significantly different value systems than those of the European colonists. The differences in culture between the Native Americans and Europeans, and the shifting alliances among different nations of each culture, led to great misunderstandings and long lasting cultural conflicts. Estimates of the pre-Columbian population of what today constitutes the United States of America vary significantly, ranging from 1 million to 18 million million. After the colonies revolted against Great Britain and the United States of America, the ideology of Manifest destination became integral to the American nationalist movement. In the late 18th century, George Washington and Henry Knox conceived of the idea of "civilizing" Native Americans in preparation of American citizenship. Assimilation (whether voluntary as with the Choctaw,19th century, most Native Americans of the American Deep South were removed from their homelands to accommodate American expansion with some groups residing in Alabama, Florida, Lousianna, Mississippi, North Carolina, and Tennessee. By the American Civil War, many Native American nations had been relocated west of the Mississippi River. Major Native American resistance site in the form of "Indian Wars," which were frequent up until the 1890s. Native Americans today have a unique relationship with the United States of America because they can be found as members of nations, tribes, or bands of Native Americans who have come or come from the government of the United States. their societies and cultures still flourish amidst a larger immigrated populace of African, Asian, Middle Eastern, and European Americans. Native Americans who were not already U.S. Citizens were granted citizenship in 1924 by the Congress of the United States. The Indian Citizenship Act of 1924 granted U.S. citizenship to all Native Americans. Prior to the passage of the act, nearly two-thirds of Native Americans were already U.S. Citizens. The earliest recorded date of Native Americans' U.S. Citizens was in 1831 when the Mississippi Choctaw became Citizens after the United States Legislature ratified the Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek. Under article XIV of that treaty, any Choctaw who chose not to move with the Choctaw Nation could become an American registered and if citizen when he designated lands for five years after ratification. Through the years, Native Americans became US Citizens by: 1. provision (as with the Mississippi Choctaw) 2. Registration and land allotment under the Dawes Act of February 8, 1887 3. Issuance of Patent in Fee Simple 4. Adopting Habits of Civilized Life 5. Minor Children 6. Citizenship by Birth 7. Becoming Soldiers and Sailors in the U.S. Armed Forces 8. Marriage to a US citizen 9. Special Act of Congress. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That all noncitizen Native Americans born within the territorial limits of the United States be, and they are hereby, declared to be Citizens of the United States: Provided, That the granting of such citizenship shall not be in any manner impair or otherwise the right of any Native American to tribal or other property. — Indian Citizenship Act 1924 No special mention resident or tradition is hegemonic among the Native Americans in the United States.[citation] needed Most self-evident and federally recognized Native Americans claim herence to some form of Christianity,[citation needed] some of these cultural and cultural syntheses Munich to the particular tribe, such as the various forms of the Native American Church. Traditional Native-active ceremonies are by many tribes and the older thestill choice systems are still restricted by many of the "traditional" people.[specify] These spiritualities may accompany held primary to another person's identity. While much Native American spirituality exists in a tribal-cultural continuum, and as such cannot be easily separated from tribal identity itself, certain other more clearly-defined movements have arisen among "traditional" Native American practitioners, these "religions" in the clinical sense. Traditional practices of some tribes include the use of sacred herbs such as tobacco, sweetgrass or sage. Many Plains tribes have sweatlodge ceremonies, via the specifications of the ceremony vary among tribes. Fasting, singing and prayer in the old languages of their people, and sometimes drumming are common.Native American art comprises a major category in the world art collection. Native American contributions include pottery, paintings, jewellery, weavings, sculptures, basketry, and carvings. Franklin Gritts, was a Cherokee artist, who taught students from many tribes at Haskell Institute (now Haskell Indian Nations University) in the 1940s, the Golden Age of Native American painters.
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